Destructively-distilled castor-oil condensation product and process of making the same



Patented A e 7, 1931 1 7993% UNITED sTA'rss PArENrioFrIcE nnwnnn c. Borrow, or otmsrnnrarrs, onranssrenon roman snnnwm-wmmams comrm, or crnvnmnn, 01110, a conrona'rrou or 01110 nnsrnUcrrvnLY-msrmr-nn cAsron-om. connnnsarronrnonuo'r AND rn'oonss or MAIKING ran sum 1 R Drawings Applicationfiledjecemberl i, 1928. Serial Nth-326,156.

Thisinvention relates to paint, varnish and been the object of my invention to producelacquer bases and methodsof producing the a dependable paint, varnish and lacquer base m n h 'f I'. on of its objects the uti medium from castor oil by heatin the same lization of what has heretofore been amore' until a definite amount of cognac 011 has been or less waste material. distilled off. p A further object is to produce a base that The residue remaining in the still is next is dependable and may be .used in place of esterifiedby heating with an excess of a polyh Y some of the bases now. commercially used hydric alcohol and is next further'condensed ,for producing high gloss enamel paint and by heating with a polybasic acid or anhyother classes of paints, varnishes and enamels dride thereof. p g v having desirable t r 9 The resulting product maybe considered Accordmg to Lewkowltsch, 1n Ills-Work 1 as a condensation product of the esters of 1111-- titled Chemical Technologyand Analysis, decylenic acid audits polymers with poly- ,F P; 1: the hydric alcohols and polybasic acids or an- 1 structlve distillation'of caster o1l,1n themanh d ide f u h id I ufiictum pfi Produces resldue When carefully prepared. it is usually Q sohdlfies to y l a p y 1 liquid at temperatures above 100 C. At l r-l k mass f Solvent has temperatures between 100 C. and 20 it usunot been found; T1113 resldue S P -F 1 ally ranges from li uid to solid and below 20 20 be j ,anhydrfle 0f y mc acld it is usually solid. ince it is possible to carry 2 2) I on this reaction with the esters of undecylenic m h dlstluatlon 1S PP 111st Q Q acid and their polymers with a wide variety msoluble cmnPm1111 1S formed the 3 of polyhydric alcohols and. polybasic acids,

' l h composltlon of 010511184918 products may be obtained which are liquid whmh 9 be t y sl at temperatures below 20 C. and other prod- .ofthe f gs r cr e aclducts may be obtained which are solid at 7 (GaHs)2(GasH5aOe) 5- temperatures around 100 Grand liquefy at .It is highly improbable that the foregoing h temPeraturQS- V formulae, as given byLewkowitsch complete- Th se oondensatlon products in some inly represent the om iti f t e v i stances may be fused wlth resins or o l-resin compounds formed when castor oil is demlxtures r ey may dlssolved m rh-v structivelydistilled, yet in a generalway they nary paint, varnish and lacquer solvents and may be accepted, a r ntingwhat the solutions thus produced may housed in r' f fl th y 0 dianhi h t k the ordinary way in the manufacture of 35 place. I paints, varnishes andlacquers I have found that when the distillation is' Having thus described my invent on in a I stopped before the insoluble compound is general way, "1 W111 now g1ve a few specific formed, and the oily residue in the retort is examples. dissolved in spirits 'of turpentine or other One thousand parts by weight of castor oil paint solvent, the roduct may be used in are destructively dlstilled untilthe resldue-of paint, varnish and lacquer mixtures -:'-When [i 'lymeric esters remaining in the retort thus used in such mixtures,-greatcare must weighs 740 parts; be exercised since it reacts readily with zinc. The retort is now cooled to temperatures oxide and'the oxides of lead, calcium, magbelow 290 C. and 800 parts of glycerme are nesium and someother substances. graduall introduced. a 4 To a certain extent this reaction with zinc After eating for a short t me at temperoxide may be considered beneficial since it atures wellfabove the bo1hng po1nt of water I \causes a thickening and produces a sort of but below the boilingfiomtpf glycerme, 1,200 high gloss enamelpaint. However, thishas 'parts of phthahc a ydrlde are gradually 50 been rather diflicalt to control'and it has added, temperature being maintained about v midway between the boiling point of phthalic anhydride and that of water. When the reaction has proceeded to the optimum degree, which is indicated by the first appearance of clarity and homogeneity in place of turbidity and heterogeneity, the mixture is run into cool1ng pans to cool, or into mixing tanks to A lessening of undecylenic esters gives a I harder product while an increase of undecylenic esters produces a softer compound.

Also by the use ofother polyhydric alcohols and other polybasic acids along with the esters of undecylenic acid, and its polymers products of harder or softer consistency may be obtained.

In the specific example given, the distillation of the castor oil is carried on until the distillate is about 26% by weight of the original castor oil-and the polymeric esters are about 74% by weight of the original oil. I do not wish to limit myself to these proportions since the distillation may be carried much further and still yield a usable product. However, since there is a tendency for these undecylenic compounds to discolor as the distillation progresses, I usually prefer to stop the distillation within a range of 20% 4 to 30% of distillate, especially when the distillation is carried on at atmospheric pressures. There are some'advantagesin the use of reduced pressures during distillation, especiall if a light colored product is much desire and under these conditions I prefer to use some commercial form of vacuum pump with suitable condenser for the recovery of the valuable.., distillat e.

In the specific example given the order of procedure is to esterify with glycerine before condensing with phthalic anhydride. This is the preferable method but I do not wish to limit myself to this order of procedure since by the exercise of care it is possible to obtain a usable product if the phthalic acid anhydride isadded before the glycerine or simultaneously with the glycerine.

Having I claim is:

1. The steps ofthe hereindescribed method which consists in destructively distilling castor oil until the residue is fromsixty to eighty per cent of the original weight of the castor oil and then heating such residue with p yhydric alcohol.

2. The steps of the hereindescribed method .which consist in heating the residue, derived from the procedure according to claim 1,

with addition of a polybasic acid or acid thus described my invention, what I the mass becomes homogeneous, clear and almost tranquil.

3. The steps of the hereindescribed method which consist in destructively distilling castor oil until the residue is from sixty to, m

addition of one-half to three times its weight of glycerine until the esterifiable constituents of the residue are substantially esterified.

5. The hereindescribed method which'consists in destructively distilling castor oil until the residue is fromrsixty to eighty per cent of the original weight of the castor oil, heating the residue with the addition of onehalf to three times its weight of glycerine until the esterifiable constituents of the residue are substantially esterified, and then heating the product thus obtained with from three-fourths to five times the weight, of said residue, of phythalic anhydride until condensation takes place and the mass becomes homogeneous, clear and almost tranquil.

6. The material produced by the method defined in claim 5.

7. The material produced by the defined in claim 2. d

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature.

EDWARD C. HOLTON.

- method anhydride until condensation takes place and 

